Does democracy protect the environment? The role of the Arctic Council

Abstract This paper examines the influence of democratic institutions on environmental policy stringency and degree to which it is affected by membership in Arctic Council. We hypothesize that, relative countries with no presence, present given their territorial, trade, touristic interests are more pro-environmentally inclined as they experience effects global warming first-hand, quality may reinforce this effect. Our empirical analysis based macroeconomic data suggests that institutional environments associated response status stringent policies. Moreover, presence governments increases both market- non-market-based regulations. The suggestive estimated monetary value impact about 101,000 international dollars per capita. These findings underscore development lead strong welfare improvements can be used design agreements for area protection.